What is laminate?
A thin core made of reinforced ceramics or reinforced composite or other material to only cover the outer surface of tooth. The purpose of this treatment is restoration with maximum beauty and minimum milling. A laminate made of ceramic, prepare in laboratory and cemented in office.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages
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Aesthetic;
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Need less milling;
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Do not change color;
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Less possible caries below them compare to composites.
Disadvantages:
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If they don’t select correctly, the probability of fracture is high.
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They are expensive.
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In the event of fracture, they don’t restoration and should be replaced.
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Made in laboratory and as a result, they have long working time.
Ceramic veneer, milling layout and tooth preparing for a ceramic laminate.
A patient who treated by ceramic veneer in upper and lower teeth
Composite veneers
?What is composite
Composites are polymer materials that are mechanically stick to enamel and dentin. These materials are similar to natural teeth.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:
- Done in one session
- They are cheaper in comparison of other treatment
- They have relative beauty
- Need less milling
- They can be restored in case of fatigue
Disadvantages:
- Change color.
- Underneath, they cause caries.
- Have a relatively short life span.
Before and after photo
An example of composite restorations covered external surface of upper teeth.
How to do by film
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Cause of gingiva discoloration and treatment methods
Cause of gingiva discoloration:
- Genetics
- Smoking and some medications
- Some diseases
- Advanced gingiva disease (gingivitis)
treatment methods
- Treatment for gingival infections
- Surgical treatment and removing discoloration layer
- Laser peeling
Cure
- by laser
Removing gingival pigment (laser) by laser without bleeding and pain after treatment, its done in short time and has excellent result.
- Surgical
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Remove the pigment of gingiva by doing surgery |
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Whitening or bleaching
Examples of before and after bleaching photos
Causes of discoloring teeth
- Food and drink: coffee, tea, soft drinks and some juices.
- Tobacco consumption: smoking hookah or chewing tobacco
- Lack of teeth cleaning : due to accumulation of dental plaque.
- Diseases: some congenital infections, head and neck radiography.
- Medications : tetracycline , doxycycline on children less than 8 years , mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine, styllene pygidium chloride, or antihistamines and anti hypertensive drugs are also cause tooth discoloration.
- Dental materials: like amalgam due to silver sulfide
- Increasing age: due to decreasing enamel thickness
- Inheritance and genetics
- Environmental factors: use high level of fluoride through mouthwash, toothpaste or drink water
- Damage and injuries: for example, children blow and hitting tooth can interfere with enamel formation
Kind of treatment
Laser
The biolase (bayolise) epic device is the latest achievement of the plant in making diode lasers.
In office
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light cure machine use for bleaching treatment by optical method. |
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Bleaching which done by light in clinic. |
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At home
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take an impression from patient jaw and a plaque will make for it.whitening material placed inside plaque by patient at home and then put it inside mouth.